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Belleville Conical Washers
Belleville washers (also called Belleville Washers, Disc Springs, Spring Washers, Conical Washers, Cupped Spring Washers, or Conical Spring Washers) are used to add a layer of vibration resistance and pre load to a bolt assembly. The conical shape applies a spring force against the bottom of the bolt head to help prevent accidental loosening after installation. Belleville washers can be stacked below a bolt head to add more force to the assembly if needed. Conical washers are commonly used in the automotive and machinery industries.
How Conical Washers Work
The conical spring washer has a cone shape that presses against the underside of the bolt head and into the installation material. This increased tension has a number of benefits including:
- Vibration Control (Lock Washer)
- Pre-Load
- Increased Load
- Increased Deflection
- Spacing
- Dampen/Absorb Shocks
Due to their resistance to vibrations, conical washers are also considered to be lock washers as they perform a similar function. These disc spring washers are not only useful on their own but can be stacked in several different structures for increased resistance / absorption as well.
Belleville Spring Washer Stacks
Series Stack
A series stack involves placing the washers top to bottom so that they create a gap in the middle. This can greatly increase the deflection of the stack by adding a spring like effect to the washers.
Parallel Stack
A parallel stack involves placing all of the washers in the same direction. Each added washer increases the load capacity of the stack. *Note: The deflection does not increase based on this stack.
Parallel/Series Stack
The mixed parallel/series stack involves performing both types of stacks in a single fastener assembly. This increases both the load and deflection and can be arranged to suit almost any situation as needed to comply with the project needs.